| 1. | The external symmetry i . e . universality of geographical laws in urban sense is found to relate to the internal symmetry : the more symmetric a model is , the more universal the corresponding law is , and vice versa 研究发现,城市地理系统在宏观层面具有对称性质,这意味着普适性地理规律的存在;微观层面对称破缺,这暗示城市地理系统模型的参数具有时空变异性质。 |